Black Nightshade (Solanum nigrum) |
In late 2017, we moved into a house on a half-acre of land in rural England. We're working to make the site more wildlife-friendly and are hoping to document every species that lives in or visits the garden. Can we get to 1500?
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Monday, 21 December 2020
Nightshade
Tuesday, 17 November 2020
Cabbage-palm
New Zealand Cabbage Palm (Cordyline australis) |
We hadn't anticipated their wildlife value when we first moved in. Mike thought that they — like much of the rest of the garden — had been planted for their ornamental appeal alone. But the flowers attract hordes of insects in the spring, and the berries are clearly favourites with our local birds and passing migrants. Check out the pictures below of some of the species we've spotted enjoying them. Sorry that some of the pictures are so dark; our weather here has been decidedly gloomy this autumn!
Flowering spike, in late May |
A pair of migrant Blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla) |
One of our local European Robins (Erithacus rubecula) |
A typically gymnastic Eurasian Blue Tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) |
Saturday, 14 November 2020
Spots
Violet Bramble Rust (Phragmidium violaceum) |
Thursday, 12 November 2020
Mozzie
Banded Mosquito (Culiseta annulata) |
Thursday, 5 November 2020
Starry
Springy Turf-moss (Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus) |
Tuesday, 20 October 2020
Greenfinch
Male European Greenfinch (Chloris chloris) |
On a typical day, our garden is full of birds. During the spring and summer, we hear them singing before it's even light enough to see. They swarm over our bird feeders in the winter, rummage through the flowerbeds in search of food, and build their nests in the shrubs and hedges. This year, some of the main players in the nesting department were the European Greenfinches (Chloris chloris). We hosted at least two (and possibly three) pairs, one of which raised at least two (and possibly three) broods right outside our office windows. That's good to see, because UK greenfinches have faced some major declines over the past few decades, with a drop in numbers of 64% since 1997. Part of the problem is a parasite called Trichomonas gallinae, which arrived on the island in 2006 and has caused havoc ever since. Trichomonas causes infected birds to be unable to swallow, leading to their deaths. It can be transmitted between hosts through contaminated food and water. Fortunately, we've seen no signs to date of that problem here.
Our greenfinches seem fat and healthy. These stocky birds are, as their name suggests, primarily olive-greenish — though with slashes of yellow in wing and tail. Their bills are stout and pink, and their tails have a noticeable fork at the tip. In the spring, males do showy display flights over the garden, zigzagging their way around big circles, singing at the top of their lungs. During the breeding season, we regularly see pairs together, nibbling dandelion seeds on the lawn or splashing in the birdbaths. Now that their young have fledged, we're seeing greenfinches in bigger flocks, often mingling with Common Chaffinches. Hopefully, our local birds will continue to buck the declining trend of the overall population.
Saturday, 10 October 2020
Catkin nibbler
Birch Catkin Bug (Kleidocerys resedae) |
Thursday, 8 October 2020
Missus longlegs
Female Dicranopalpus caudatus |
Tuesday, 6 October 2020
Tiny armadillo
Common Pill Woodlouse (Armadillidium vulgare) |
Sunday, 4 October 2020
Red ants
Common Red Ant (Myrmica rubra) |
Thursday, 1 October 2020
Ch-ch-ch-ch-changes...
A sad job |
Wednesday, 30 September 2020
Fireworks
Rough-stemmed Goldenrod (Solidago rugosa) |
Sunday, 27 September 2020
Prickles
West European Hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) |
Friday, 25 September 2020
Inky
Common Inkcap (Coprinopsis atramentaria) |
Tuesday, 22 September 2020
Carrion beetle
Shore Sexton Beetle (Necrodes littoralis) |
Saturday, 19 September 2020
Birch bug
Birch Shield Bug (Elasmostethus interstinctus) |
Thursday, 17 September 2020
Migrant blowfly
Male Locust Blowfly (Stomorhina lunata) on Common Ragwort (Jacobaea vulgaris) |
Monday, 14 September 2020
Speckled Wood
Speckled Wood (Pararge aegeria) |
Sunday, 6 September 2020
Bishop
Bishop's Mitre (Aelia acuminata) |
Thursday, 3 September 2020
Emerald
Female Western Willow Spreadwing (Chalcolestes viridis) |
We haven't seen much in the way of dragonflies and damselflies on the property to date — only a double handful of species, and many of those seen only in flight, rocketing past over the flower beds. But occasionally, we find a new species, and sometimes we even find one hanging out in the garden. Such was the case with this female Western Willow Spreadwing (Chalcolestes viridis), also widely known as Willow Emerald Damselfly, which I found resting on one of our shrubs recently. The source of its common name is clear in the photo above; this damselfly regularly sits with its wings outspread rather folded neatly together over its back, like most damselflies do. This was a rare species in the UK until quite recently. It was first recorded on the islands back in the late 1970s, and is thought to have first bred here in 2009. Numbers have increased fairly dramatically since then, and these delicate insects are now reasonably common across the south-east of England. The large pale spots (known as pterostigmas) on its wings and the metallic green sheen of its body help to identify this species. The individual pictured above is a female; she lacks the claspers (used in mating) that a male would have at the tip of his abdomen. They're particularly fond of habitats with standing water, though they're also known to wander far from water. Females lay their eggs in thin twigs overhanging standing or slow-moving water sources, and adults often rest in trees and bushes, like the female I found here. With any luck, we'll get some breeding in the garden once we install our pond.
Monday, 31 August 2020
Sawfly
Large Rose Sawfly larvae (Arge pagana) |
In defensive posture |
Tuesday, 25 August 2020
Harvest(wo)man
Leiobunum rotundum |
On my way out to the garage the other morning, I spotted this long-legged girl clinging to the bottom of the swallow nest platform, out of the sun. It's a female harvestman (harvestwoman?) belonging to the species Leiobunum rotundum, which has no common name. Though she looks a bit like a spider, with her eight long legs, she's not. Harvestmen (known as daddy-long-legs in the US) are closely related to spiders, but differ in having only a single body segment, rather than the two segments that spiders do. They have just two eyes, rather than the 6-8 that spiders have. You can just see her eyes near the right edge of the smaller (left hand) dark mark on her body; they sit on a tiny turret (called an ocularium). Click on the picture above to enlarge it, if you're having trouble finding them. The dark stripe down the middle of her body is unique, allowing her to be easily identified. The pale patch between her two dark-rimmed eyes is also a useful ID feature. With a body measuring some 7 mm long (1/4-inch) long, she's about twice the size of a male, which would lack the dark body stripe.
Like all harvestmen, this is an ambush hunter, chasing down small prey including aphids, leafhoppers, flies, moths, spiders and woodlice. Unlike spiders, harvestmen will also feed on carrion and decaying plant matter. This is a common and widespread species right across the UK, though somewhat less so further north. Elsewhere, it widespread across most of Europe, though not around the Mediterranean. It prefers shady, moist habitats. Adults are found from July through November, so we should be seeing them around for a while yet. Ours is the first record for our part of Norfolk in the national database — woohoo!
Saturday, 22 August 2020
Woody
Eurasian Green Woodpecker (Picus viridus) - immature |
We have a pair of Eurasian Green Woodpeckers (Picus viridus) somewhere in the village; we see them bounding over periodically, and hear them even more frequently. But they're wary and flighty, rocketing out of the garden as soon as they lay eyes on us, so it was a welcome surprise to get to spend some time with this youngster as it rummaged along the driveway a few weeks ago. It was slurping up the winged ants that were emerging from some of the ant nests in the garden wall. The heavy speckling on its breast and back — and the lack of black on its face — help to identify it as a youngster. Its colouring (primarily green) and size (largest of Britain's woodpeckers) help to distinguish it from the UK's two other woodpecker species, both of which are black and white. Primarily a ground feeder, it specialises on ants, though it will eat other invertebrates, fruit and pine seeds, particularly in the winter, when ants aren't readily available. Though it does spend time in trees, it seldom pecks at wood. Primarily a bird of southern Britain, it is common in England and Wales, quite scarce in Scotland and not found in Northern Ireland. Elsewhere (as its name suggests), it is found right across Europe and into western Asia. Hopefully, we'll be seeing this one, and its parents, regularly in the future.
Friday, 14 August 2020
Speckles
Speckled Bush-cricket nymph (Leptophyes punctatissima) |
This, our third summer in the "half acre," has proved to be the Year of the Orthopterans. We were so excited to hear four (count 'em, FOUR) Field Grasshoppers in the garden our first year. Last year, we found a second grasshopper species. This year, it's off the charts! Not only have we seen literally hundreds of nymphs and adults, we've found a trio of cricket and grasshopper species new for the garden — and one very rare for our county — proof that our little pocket meadow is providing some good habitat. Among our finds is the handsome Speckled Bush-cricket (Leptophyes punctatissima), so named for the myriad tiny black spots that cover its body and long legs. (You may need to click on the above picture to make it large enough to see those spots.) This is one of the more widespread species, reasonably common across central and southern England and coastal Wales. It's found primarily in rough vegetation, including in hedgerows, scrub and gardens, and is particularly fond of Bramble. They're herbivores, feeding on a variety of leaves. Nymphs emerge in May and develop as the summer progresses. (We were seeing mid-sized nymphs by mid-June.) By mid-summer, they're full adults, which breed and survive until the frosts of November. Females lay their eggs in plant stems or under the bark of trees, and these eggs overwinter, with nymphs emerging the following spring. Like all grasshoppers and crickets, males serenade potential mates, rubbing their wings together to make a high-pitched chirp, which is barely audible to most humans — particularly those of us with older ears.
Adult male |
Tuesday, 11 August 2020
Soldiers
Common Red Soldier Beetle (Rhagonycha fulva) on Creeping Thistle (Cirsium arvense) |
Friday, 7 August 2020
Wing wavers
Hawthorn Fruit Fly (Anomoia purmunda) |
Sunday, 2 August 2020
Spotty one
Orange Ladybird (Halyzia sedecimguttata) |
Friday, 31 July 2020
Minty
Mint Moth (Pyrausta aurata) |
Tuesday, 28 July 2020
Rusty thistles
Thistle Rust (Puccinia punctiformis) |
Sunday, 26 July 2020
Green veins
Green-veined White (Pieris napi) |
Friday, 24 July 2020
Heal Thyself
Common Selfheal (Prunella vulgaris) |